France transitioned from a planned hybrid model (public + private platforms) to an exclusively private platform model as of October 2024. Businesses must use Approved Platforms (PA - Plateformes Agréées, formerly PDP - Plateformes de Dématérialisation Partenaires) for e-invoice transmission and e-reporting. A central directory accessible through the Public Invoicing Portal (PPF) ensures correct routing of e-invoices to the recipient's platform. No centralized government clearance infrastructure.